French policy towards Ukraine in the years after the First World War and the work of the Paris Peace Conference (1917–1919)
Keywords:
Entente, World War I, Ukrainian People’s Republic, Paris Peace Conference, Georges Clemenceau, Lloyd George, Woodrow Wilson, Vittorio OrlandoAbstract
Given the current Russian aggression against Ukraine, the importance of international support that the country receives, and without which it would be difficult for Ukrainians to defend their independence, the author refers to the negative experience of a century ago, which made it impossible to establish the Ukrainian People’s Republic of 1917–1919. For various reasons, the UPR did not receive the necessary support from the Entente. While proclaiming the right of nations to self-determination, the Entente countries applied it selectively, subordinating it to their global interests. Ukraine became an example of this selective approach. As a result, its territory was divided between neighbouring states. Most of it was occupied by the Bolshevik regime.
References
[Archival document]. (n.d.). Fond 1065, opys 1, sprava 14, arkush 38, Tsentralnyi derzhavnyi arkhiv vyshchykh orhaniv vlady ta upravlinnia Ukrainy.
Chykalenko, Ye. (1921, February 3). [Diary entry]. Fond Ye. Chykalenko, Arkhiv Ukrainskoi vilnoi akademii nauk u SShA.
Datskiv, I. B. (2008). Dyplomatiia ZUNR na Paryzkii myrnii konferentsii 1919 r. [Diplomacy of the Western Ukrainian People’s Republic at the Paris Peace Conference of 1919]. Ukrainskyi istorychnyi zhurnal, (5), 121–137.
Datskiv, I. B. (2016). ZUNR u borotbi za nezalezhnist na Paryzkii myrnii konferentsii 1919 r. [The Western Ukrainian People’s Republic in the struggle for independence at the Paris Peace Conference of 1919]. Problemy vsesvitnoi istorii, (1), 147–168.
Davies, N. (2006). Yevropa: Istoriia [Europe: A history] (P. Tarashchuk & O. Kovalenko, Trans.). Osnovy.
Direktivy glavnogo komandovaniia Krasnoi armii, 1917–1920: Sbornik dokumentov [Directives of the Red Army High Command, 1917–1920: Collection of documents]. (1969). Voenizdat.
Gazeta Lwowska [Newspaper issue]. (1919, January 28).
Herus, O. (1974). Ukraintsi v opinii amerykanskoho uriadu 1919–1927 rokiv [Ukrainians in the opinion of the American government, 1919–1927]. Ukrainskyi istoryk, (1–3).
Honchar, B. M., & Horodnia, N. D. (2000). Vidnosyny mizh Frantsiieiu ta UNR (hruden 1918–kviten 1919 rr.) [Relations between France and the Ukrainian People’s Republic, December 1918–April 1919]. Ukrainskyi istorychnyi zhurnal, (2), 47–57.
Karpenko, O. (Ed.). (2001). Zakhidnoukrainska Narodna Respublika 1918–1923: Istoriia [The Western Ukrainian People’s Republic, 1918–1923: History]. Siversiia.
Khrystiuk, P. (1922). Zamitky i materiialy do istorii ukrainskoi revoliutsii, 1917–1920 rr. [Notes and materials on the history of the Ukrainian revolution, 1917–1920] (Vol. 4).
Kievskaia mysl [Newspaper issue]. (1918, November 23).
Kommunist [Newspaper issue]. (1919, May 8).
Kornat, M. (2017). Sim rokiv. Heopolitychna revoliutsiia v Tsentralno-Skhidnii Yevropi (1914–1921 rr.) [Seven years: The geopolitical revolution in Central and Eastern Europe, 1914–1921]. In V. Verstiuk, V. Skalskyi, H. Basara-Tylishchak, & V. Boiko (Eds.), Revoliutsiia, derzhavnist, natsiia: Ukraina na shliakhu samostverdzhennia (1917–1921 rr.) (pp. 70–83). Siverskyi tsentr pisliadyplomnoi osvity.
Korostovets, I. (1971). Perehovory v Yassakh v 1918 rotsi (Z zapysnoi knyzhky hetmanskoho posla Korostovtsia, buv. Imperatorskoho posla v Pekini y Teherani) [Negotiations in Iași in 1918: From the notebook of Hetman’s envoy Korostovets]. In P. Solukha, Dohovir z Moskvoiu proty hetmana Pavla Skoropadskoho (Volodymyr Vynnychenko ta Mykyta Shapoval po dopomohu do Moskvy—do Lienina).
Kosyk, V. (1993). Frantsiia i pytannia samostiinosty Ukrainy. 1917–1919 roky [France and the question of Ukraine’s independence, 1917–1919]. Zapysky Naukovoho tovarystva imeni Shevchenka, 225, 278–290.
Kosyk, V. (2004). Frantsiia ta Ukraina: Stanovlennia ukrainskoi dyplomatii (berezen 1917–liutyi 1918) [France and Ukraine: The formation of Ukrainian diplomacy, March 1917–February 1918] (T. Marusyk, Trans.). Vydavnychyi tsentr LNU imeni Ivana Franka.
Krakh nemetskoi okkupatsii na Ukraine [The collapse of the German occupation of Ukraine]. (1936).
Kurjer Lwowski [Newspaper issue]. (1919, April 3).
Margolin, A. (1922). Ukraina i politika Antanty (Zapiski evreia i grazhdanina) [Ukraine and Entente policy: Notes of a Jew and citizen].
Serhiichuk, V. (2002). Neusvidomlennia Ukrainy: Stavlennia svitu do ukrainskoi derzhavnosti: Pohliad u 1917–1921 roky z analizom sohodennia [Failure to understand Ukraine: The world’s attitude toward Ukrainian statehood, 1917–1921, with an analysis of the present].
Shulhyn, O. (1918). Polityka [Politics].
Smolii, V. A. (Ed.). (2001). Narysy z istorii dyplomatii Ukrainy [Essays on the history of Ukrainian diplomacy]. Alternatyvy.
Suprunenko, N. I., & Rubach, M. A. (Eds.). (1967). Grazhdanskaia voina na Ukraine, 1918–1920: Sbornik dokumentov i materialov [The civil war in Ukraine, 1918–1920: Collection of documents and materials] (Vol. 1, Book 2). Naukova dumka.
Tsependa, I. (2018). Boty komisiia [Botha Commission]. In Zakhidnoukrainska Narodna Respublika 1918–1923: Entsyklopediia: Do 100-richchia utvorennia Zakhidnoukrainskoi Narodnoi Respubliky (Vol. 1).
Ukrainska Tsentralna Rada: Dokumenty i materialy [The Ukrainian Central Rada: Documents and materials] (Vol. 1). (1996). Naukova dumka.
Ukrainska Tsentralna Rada: Dokumenty i materialy [The Ukrainian Central Rada: Documents and materials] (Vol. 2). (1997). Naukova dumka.
Visti Vseukrainskoho Tsentralnoho Vykonkomu Rad [Newspaper issue]. (1919, April 8).
Vynnychenko, V. (1920). Vidrodzhennia natsii: Istoriia ukrainskoi revoliutsii (marets 1917–hruden 1919 rr.) [The rebirth of the nation: A history of the Ukrainian revolution, March 1917–December 1919] (Part 2).
Wędrowski, J. R. (2017). Stany Zjednoczone wobec konfliktów na wschodzie Europy 1917–1922 [The United States and conflicts in Eastern Europe, 1917–1922].
Yurchenko, O. (1971). Ukrainsko-rosiiski stosunky pislia 1917 r. v pravnomu aspekti [Ukrainian–Russian relations after 1917 from a legal perspective].
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
Categories
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Vladyslav Verstiuk
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors retain copyright in their work and grant the journal the right of first publication. All articles are published under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International licence (CC BY 4.0).
The content may be freely read, downloaded, copied, distributed, printed, searched, cited, and used for any lawful purpose, provided appropriate credit is given to the original authors.
