Crimea: European Autonomy Models for a Sustainable Future
Keywords:
Crimea, conflict resolution, South Tyrol, Åland Islands, Northern Ireland, autonomy, minority rights, demilitarization, European security, peacebuildingAbstract
The annexation of Crimea in 2014 marked a turning point in the European security order and has significantly contributed to the ongoing war in Ukraine. This article examines European models of conflict resolution that may serve as potential frameworks for Crimea's reintegration and stabilization. By analyzing successful cases such as South Tyrol in Italy, the Åland Islands in Finland, Northern Ireland, and North Macedonia, the study outlines key mechanisms of conflict management: protection of linguistic and cultural rights, decentralization and autonomy, demilitarization, and the role of international guarantees. The article also emphasizes the importance of civil society participation and comparative approaches, highlighting both effective and problematic cases, including Kosovo. The proposed "multiethnic autonomy pact" for Crimea combines European lessons with international security mechanisms, aiming to establish a sustainable peace formula. This approach underlines that the future of Crimea should not be determined by unilateral decisions, but by inclusive institutions that foster long-term coexistence and stability.
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